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University of Saskatchewan Photograph Collection Saskatoon (Sask.)
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Saskatoon Normal School - Exterior

View of Normal School with cars parked in front; winter scene.

Bio/Historical Note: The Saskatoon Teachers' College, originally called the Saskatoon Normal School, was a facility in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, for training teachers. The Saskatoon Normal School opened on 20 August 1912 in rented rooms in the Saskatoon Collegiate Institute (later Nutana Collegiate). It was a nondenominational institute for training primary and secondary school teachers. There were 12 second-class student teachers and 50 third-class students. Students also attended lectures at the University of Saskatchewan. The school moved in 1914 to four rooms rented in the Buena Vista School. In 1916 it moved again to rooms on the first floor of the university's Student's Residence No. 2. In 1919 the school moved again to St. Mary's separate school, and classrooms were also provided by the St. Thomas Presbyterian Church (now St. Thomas Wesley United Church). In 1920 it was decided to build a permanent home for the school on the west side of Saskatoon on Avenue A North. It was a gothic-style brick and Bedford stone building designed by architect Maurice W. Sharon and undertaken by architect David Webster. While construction was underway the school held classes in St. Paul's School on 22nd Street and 4th Avenue. The new school building was opened in March 1922, and the Provincial Normal School was officially opened on 12 February 1923, under the provincial Department of Education. In 1923 there were 335 students enrolled. In the summer of 1941 the Normal School gave up its building to the Defense Department for use in training air force recruits. The Normal School moved temporarily to Wilson School (on 7th Avenue North), whose students were relocated to other schools. It returned to the Avenue A premises after the end of World War II (1939–1945). The Normal School had an enrollment of 617 student teachers in 1945–46, of which three quarters were women. In 1953 the Normal School was renamed the Saskatoon Teacher's College. Teachers were now to be educated in teaching rather than trained in teaching. In 1986 the original Saskatoon Teachers College building was renamed the E.A. Davies building in honor of Fred Davies, a pioneer of technical education in Saskatchewan.

'Bennett Buggy' in Transit

'Bennett Buggy' in Transit

A "Bennett Buggy" travelling on Wiggins Avenue in Saskatoon. College Building) in background at left, Qu'Appelle Hall at right.

Bio/Historical Note: This image is one of the most requested photos in the University Archives. It was taken by an unknown photographer in about 1935. A 'Bennett Buggy' was a term used in Canada during the Great Depression to describe a car which had its engine and windows taken out and was pulled by a horse. In the United States, such vehicles were known as Hoover carts, named after then-President Herbert Hoover. The Canadian term was named after Richard Bennett, the Prime Minister of Canada from 1930 to 1935, who was blamed for the nation's poverty. Cars being pulled by horses became a common sight during the Depression. During the boom years of the 1920s, many Canadians had bought cheap vehicles for the first time, but during the Depression, many found they did not have enough money to operate them. This was especially true in the hard-hit prairie provinces. The increased poverty played an important role, as farmers could not buy gasoline. The price of gas also increased. Gas taxes were also one of the best sources of revenue for the provincial governments. When these provinces went into a deficit, they increased these taxes, making gas even harder to buy. In Saskatchewan, badly hit by the depression, similar vehicles with an additional seat over the front axle were dubbed "Anderson carts" after Premier James T.M. Anderson.

J. Howard Richards - Portrait

J. Howard Richards - Portrait

Head and shoulders image of J. Howard Richards, Professor and Head, Department of Geography.

Bio/Historical Note: J. Howard Richards was born 21 May 1916 in Caerphilly, Wales. He enrolled at the University of Wales in 1934 and graduated in 1938 with a B.Sc. in Geography. Richards remained in Wales the following year to teach at a private school and spent the next two years as a Meteorologist in the United Kingdom and Canada. He joined the Royal Canadian Army, serving in Europe from 1942-1946. After his discharge, Richards enrolled at the University of Toronto; in 1947 he received his MA. Richards taught at Utica College of Syracuse University and the University of Manitoba before returning to the University of Toronto, where he earned his PhD in 1956. He briefly joined the staff of the Royal Military College of Canada prior to coming to the University of Saskatchewan in 1960 as Professor and Head of the newly formed Department of Geography. He was to remain in that post until his retirement in 1979. He was named Professor Emeritus in 1983. During his tenure, Richards developed academic programs in Geography and the interdisciplinary programs of Land Use, Environmental Studies and Regional and Urban Development and Planning. He was the editor of the first "Atlas of Saskatchewan" and the author of "Saskatchewan Geography" and "Saskatchewan: A Geographical Appraisal," among other publications.

Livestock Pavilion - Construction

Livestock Pavilion - Construction

View looking northwest of the Livestock Pavilion; blurry piece of machinery visible in foreground.

Bio/Historical Note: The Livestock Pavilion, one of the five original campus buildings, was designed by Brown and Vallance and constructed between 1910-1912. Built of red brick, slate and translucent glass panels (some of which could be opened for ventilation), it included a large show arena with seating. The Pavilion had a slaughter room and cold storage for the butchery courses. It was demolished in 1986.

Observatory - Exterior

Observatory - Exterior

Looking north at Observatory.

Bio/Historical Note: The Observatory was designed by Gentil J.K. Verbeke and constructed in two phases using local limestone from 1928-1930 for about $23,000. The R. J. Arrand Contracting Co. was contracted to build the Observatory Tower in 1928 for a cost of $6625. The firm completed the tower $353 under budget on 14 April 1929, for $6,272. On 20 June 1929 R. J. Arrand was again awarded a contract by the University, this time to build the small classroom wing of the Observatory for $15,640. Work on the classroom wing was completed on 23 January 1930 for $15,034.50. University funding for the construction of the building was supplemented by private donations. Along with the Field Husbandry Building, the Observatory would be among the last free-standing buildings constructed on campus until after World War II. A plaque with the names of many donors still hangs inside the dome of the observatory. Saskatoon residents will find many of the names highly recognizable even today. A sundial was added to the exterior of the Observatory during the 1940s. It reads:
I am a Shadow
So art thou
The observatory facilities are available for use by both university students and visitors to the campus. The telescopes and other scientific equipment are used by students during the laboratory component of their courses. University personnel regularly offer tours of the observatory to elementary and high school classes, youth groups and other community associations. The Observatory is staffed year-round on Saturday nights so that any visitor may view celestial objects through the telescope.

"Blitz" on Second Avenue, Saskatoon

Soldiers in military trucks, tanks and motorcycles proceed down Second (2nd) Avenue South, Saskatoon. In background is the Bowerman Block, occupied by Caswell's Men's Clothing Store, and located on 21st Street East near 2nd Avenue South. Crowds watch from the sidewalk at centre.

Bio/Historical Note: The disturbing news of Nazi incursions into the Canadian Arctic and the grim prognostications of America's commander-in-chief, Dwight D. Eisenhower, during the early days of World War II, were enough to prompt Saskatonians to prepare for the possibility of a Luftwaffe bombing run on their city. Ominous comments by local Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) personnel during mock blackouts that the prairie center would be a "pushover" in the event of a real blitz no doubt stirred the popular imagination. The crook of the river, the railway tracks that shone in the moonlight, and the usually cloudless atmosphere were all cited by military figures as factors that made Saskatoon especially vulnerable to an air attack. As a result, in January 1942 Colonel Robert W. Stayner, a distinguished veteran of the Great War, was placed in charge of air raid defense in the city. Concerned Saskatonians were encouraged to train for their community's defense. Not everyone, however, felt that war on prairie soil was imminent. Several officials in Saskatoon insisted, for example, that the prospect of an air attack on the city was still remote. Nevertheless, 1,132 local men and women were engaged in first aid, fire, and police drills in November 1942, striking evidence that the threat from the Luftwaffe seemed real enough to justify such precautions. The Star-Phoenix played a key role in whip ping up this war fever. Its special two-page "Nazi" edition of the newspaper (October 19, 1942) was a case in point. The premise behind the whole idea-that Nazis had conquered Canada, had Saskatoon in their grip, and had seized the Star-Phoenix-would have outraged every patriot in that urban center. Renaming the newspaper Deutsche Zeitung fuer Saskatoon, the editors set about filling the two pages with stories of Nazi hubris. A jubilant Hitler greeted his new subjects on the very front page: “The entire German people rejoice with me in the glorious victory of German arms in overcoming the last resistance of decadent democracy in Saskatchewan. . . . The rich farm lands of what the British were pleased to call the breadbasket of their former empire will fit magnificently into our plans for a New Order.”
The conquest of Saskatoon seemed irreversible. The amalgam of stories in the Star-Phoenix's Nazi edition were clearly designed to shock different sectors of Saskatoon's diverse population out of their complacency. Local church leaders, for example, could not have missed the upset ting announcement of the new Reichbishop appointed by the Nazis for the Canadian Gau (the German word for province) and the burning of old prayer books that promoted "unscientific Christianity." Farmers in the rural areas around Saskatoon would have been startled to read about Nazi plans to ship every ounce of butter they produced back to Germany and to confiscate all livestock, with anyone who resisted being shot on sight. And those in the prairie city with a medical background would have stared with disbelief at the Star-Phoenix's health section, a part of the paper that was now dedicated to Nazi teachings on biology and physiology. Even more hair-raising was a grim warning that anyone who opposed the new regime was to be sent to the "concentration camp" at Dundurn. These local stories were intermixed with national ones. Other stories in Deutsche Zeitung fuer Saskatoon were deliberately left blank and marked only with the word "censored" and the swastika emblem-giving the impression that the "German World Plan" was far too sinister to print. Readers of the Star-Phoenix's "Nazi" edition doubtless got the point: life in the "true north strong and free" was worth defending. Excerpts from Bringing the War Home: The Patriotic Imagination in Saskatoon, 1939-1942, by Brendan Kelly, 2010.

Lucy Murray - Portrait

Lucy Murray - Portrait

Head and shoulders image of Lucy Murray.

Bio/Historical Note: Born in 1902 in Nova Scotia, Lucy Hunter Murray was the second daughter of Walter C. Murray, the University of Saskatchewan's first president, and Christina Cameron Murray. Lucy Murray received her BA at the University of Saskatchewan in 1923 and her MA from the University of Toronto in 1925. Then followed a B.Ed. degree in 1933 at the University of Saskatchewan where she received the McColl scholarship in 1933. Murray earned a Ph.D. at the University of Chicago in 1935. She joined the Regina College's department of English in 1936 and was an Associate Professor there at the time of her death in 1967. Murray was given the Cliff Shaw Memorial Award for her contributions to the Blue Jay, the journal of the Saskatchewan Natural History Society.

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