Eastend Formation (Upper Cretaceous) type near Eastend, Saskatchewan. Bearpaw shales exposed in gully at base of section. Whitemud Formation overlies the Eastend and can be seen on top. See Kupsch, 1956, p. 7-9. May, 1964.
Section showing Whitemud Formation at base overlain by both sand and clay facies of Frenchman Formation in which channelling can be seen. Above the greenish and yellowish sands of the Frenchman lies the basal Ferris coal seam of the Ravenscrag (Paleocene) Formation. Ravenscrag Butte, Saskatchewan. May 1964.
Quarry floor is top of Whitemud Formation which is overlain by dark clays and greenish sands of Frenchman Formation, both above which lies the coaly and sandy Ravenscrag Formation (Paleocene) with the Ferris coal seam at base. Ravenscrag Butte, Saskatchewan. May 1964.
Diagrammatic section through the earth's crust to illustrate the relationship between surface features and the probable distribution of sial and sima in depth. Based on gravity determinations and exploration of the crustal layers by earthquake waves. Holmes, 1953, p. 16.
Left: SiO sub 4 tetrahedra. Basic unit of all silicate structure. Right: Si sub 2 O sub 7 (double Tetrahedral group). In silicate structures the silicon atoms group in fourfold symmetry with oxygen. The basic unit of all silicate structure is the tetrahedron. The sorosilicates possess double tetrehedral groups.
Chain structures for amphiboles and pyroxenes (left). Silicon-oxygen tetrahedra form simple or double chains in the inosilicates by sharing oxygen atoms with neighbouring tetrahedra.
Muscovite. Oxygen: white. Silicon: small metallic spheres in centre of white tetrahedral oxygen groups, only one or two visible. Aluminum: larger metallic spheres. Potassium: purple OH groups, or hydroxyl: blue. A phyllosilicate.
