Bjorne Peninsula, Ellesmere ground view. Looking east-northeast from station 63K192 to show exposure of Triassic Heiberg sands and coals in gullies dissected into upland along north coast of Bjorne Peninsula. Aug 12, 1963.
Looking north from Gondola parking lot on Sulphur Mountain towards Mount Norquay and the Cascade Range. Tunnel Mountain in middle foreground, Banff Alberta.
Slide in Quebec on the Rimouski River was caused partly by the 14 degree slope (cross section at the top) much steeper than slopes usually associated with quick clay. A layer of soft, silty clay heavily charged with water formed a slip surface. The debris filled river for several thousand feet and created a temporary lake. Hummocky surface is typical of clay slide (Kerr, P.F., 1963, Sci. Amer. Nov., p. 138).
Collapse of quick clay is shown on microscopic scale in these schematic cross sections. Undisturbed clay (left) is thought to possess a "house of cards" structure. The "cards" are flat bits of clay minerals. Irregular blobs represent sand grains and tiny sots are dissolve salt, which provide electrolytic "glue" for the structure. Water (colour) is being squeezed out as clay collapses (middle). Most of the salt was leached out before collapse. Remolded or collapsed clay (right) contains very little water (Kerr, P.F., 1963, Sci. Amer. Nov., p. 134).
Permo-Carboniferous glaciation without continental drift. Geographic reconstruction during Upper Palaeozoic ice ages. Glaciated regions indicated by horizontal directions of ice flow by arrows. Note land bridges (Umbgrove, 1942, p. 140).
Antarctica, Ross Ice Shelf. Top: Ice in the Bay of Whales, a reentrant in the Ross Ice Shelf, protected in part by islands. The bay ice, 30 to 50 feet thick is folded by the pressure of the advance of the much thicker shelf ice around the protecting islands. The indvidual folds are several tens of feet high. Similar folds nearby are caused by the drag of the shelf ice over its own morainal deposits. Bottom: Sections through the Ross Shelf Ice abd Bay of Whales. The thickness of the ice has been determined by seismic methods. (Gilluly et al., 1959, p. 226).
