Lack of evolution in 'Limulus' (U. Jurassic and Recent), 'Terebratula' (U. Jurassic and Recent) and 'Amiskwia' (M. Cambrian) and 'Sagitta' (Recent). (Umbgrove, 1943, p. 43).

Elephant skull, Sicily. Large nasal opening in ancient times interpreted as central eye cavity which gave rise to myths about one-eyed giants (Cyclops mentioned by Homer in the Odyssey). Abel, 1939, p. 101.

Baculites compressus. Say, from the Cretaceous of the South Dakota. 1. A young shell preserving the early coils. The living chamber occupied about one half the length of the shell. 2. A specimen of the same size as the last but with the outer shell broken away revealing the sutures - the outer edges of the septa. Note the variations in the sutures from the apex of the shell 2 to its wide end and on through the progressively layer shells as shown in 3, 4, 5, and 6, which represents the condition of the suture in the adult shell.

Evolution of the Coleoidea. Umbgrove 1943, p. 98.

Pennsylvanian landscape in the swampy lowlands showing characteristic vegetation and sprawling amphibians. Plants: 1. a tree fern, 2. 'Lepidodendron', a scale tree, 3. 'Sigillaria', a scale tree, 4. 'Cordaites', a precursor of the conifers, 5. 'Calamites', a scouring rush. Animals: 6. 'Diplovertebron', a primitive amphibian, 7. 'Ecyops' (?), a large amphibian, 8. 'Eogyrinus', one of the largest amphibians, 9. 'Seymouria', a primitive reptile, 11. 'Varanosaurus', a reptile, 12. 'Meganeuron', a giant dragonfly like insect. (Dunbar, 1960, p. 218).

Circularly ridged recessional hummocky moraine due north of Regina, Saskatchewan, onnorth side of Qu'Appelle Valley, which can benoticed in extreme right. Photo taken, looking east, by Murray Harris.

'Ceratites nodosus'. Triassic. Ward's slide LW 35-112.

Ice thrust ridges. Basal till in syncline of deformed bedrock. Location: sec. 28, T. 10, R. 26, W. 3rd mer, Sask. Sketched after photograph. Kupsch, 1962.

Archaeology. Some weapon points of early big-game hunters, from 7 to 12 thousand years ago. Top row (left to right) Scottsbluff, Eden, Angostura; bottom row (left to right) Clovis Fluted, Folsom Fluted, Plainsview. After Wedel, 1961.

Archaeology. Provisional chart showing approximate time relationship of certain archaeological sites and complexes in Plains area. Wedel, 1961.

Castroides. Skull of the giant Pleistocene beaver (top) compared with the skull of the living form. The history of the beaver is typical of the history of many mammals in that the living forms are smaller than their leistocene predecessors. In general, the larger members of any fauna disappear in times of stress. Stokes, 1960, p. 444.

Megatherium, Pleistocene ground sloths. These are edentates characterised by unusually long large bodies anf lengths up to 20 feet. They occur in both North America and South America, the latest being contemporaries of early man. The name Megatherium means huge beast. Moore, 1958, p.551.

Disjunct distribution, evolution and mixing. Subspecies 'taeniata' is a salamander in Western Europe; 'salamandia' in Eastern Europe. Mixed in Germany where they can interbreed. Before glacial advances habitat was continuous, became divided by advancing ice into West and east area where evolution led to two distinct subspecies. When ice retreated, both subspecies followed north and met in mixed area where they can still interbreed.

Exfoliation of coarse grained basic igneous rock as a free-lying erratic and forming part of a laf concentrate along the South Saskatchewan River west of Saskatchewan Landing. Fall, 1962.

Force of growing crystals demonstrated by a completely shattered and broken off telephone pole, set in "alkali" saline deposits along lake margin. East of Dundurn, SK. Fall, 1962.