The bedrock formations of Iceland. Palagonite Formation = Moberg Formation Older Series = Old Grey Basalts. Younger Series = Moberg Mountains and Young Grey Basalts

Diagram of mantle of decomposed rock, topped by soil overlying bedrock. Strahler, 1960, p. 275.

Diagram showing the development of a glacial trough. A During maximum glaciation the U-Shaped trough is filled by ice to the level of the small tributaries. B After glaciation the trough floor may be occupied by a stream and lakes. C If the main stream is heavily loaded it may fill the trough floor with alluvium. D Should the glacial trough have been deepened below sea level, it will be occupied by an arm of the sea, or fjord. Strahler, 1960, p. 394.

Diagram showing the stages in the development of shoreline emergence of the coastal plain type. N nip, SB sub-marine bar, L lagoon, B barrier island, I inlet, TM tidal marsh. Strahler 1960, p. 422.

Diagram showing schematically the formation of a slump in a valley within the basalt area. 1. Basalt beds; 2. Dikes; 3. Sedimentary layers; 4. Ice; 5. Rockslide (slump). Iceland.

Isopach map of the rhyolitic tephra layer H3. Iceland.

Geological map of the Myvatn area, Iceland. The bedrock outside the postglacial lava flows is Pleistocene and covered by till and glaciofluvial sediments. Small open rings: Lava of the Ludent cycle (greater than 6000 years B.P.). Big open rings: Older Laxa lava. Striated: Lava flows of the Hverfjall cycle (2500-1000 years B.P.). Black: Lava flows 1725-1729. Arabic numerals: Thickness of the Hverfjall tephra in cm.

Development of a broad coastal plain. A. Initial stage; plain recently emerged. B. Mature stage; cuestas and lowlands developed. C. Late mature or old age stage; relief very low. Srahler, 1960. p. 450.

Karst. Sketch map to show conditions of drainage in different stages of karst. Kendall et al., 1951, p. 248.

Earthquake. Block diagram showing isoseismal lines and their relation to the epicentre and to the wave paths radiating from the focus of an earthquake. Holmes, 1953, p. 364.

Orogeny. Diagram showing Grigg's dynamic model to simulate the action of subcrustal convection currents and the response of the crust. The stage illustrated shows the development of a crustal downfold (root or tectogene) with outward thrusting near the surface in response to the currents set up by the rotation of the drums. The substartum in the model is very viscous waterglass, and the continental crust is a mixture of heavy oil and sand. Holmes, 1953, p. 412.

Earthquakes. The shadow zone cast by the earth's core in the case of an earthquake originating in Japan. Holmes, 1953, p. 375.

River capture. Diagram to show impending river capture. The subsequent stream S1 is cutting back at a relatively low level towards the consequent stream C2. Holmes, 1953, p. 176.

Meandering. Diagram to show flow of river around a bend (in plan); diagram to show the flow of water round a bend (in section) and the resulting lateral corrasion and deposition. Holmes, 1953, p. 163.

Graded profile. Diagram to show the elimination of a lake by sedimentation at the inlets and headward erosion at the outlet. Successive positions of graded profiles are shown before and after elimination. Holmes, 1953, p. 155.